The most important thing to consider when choosing an industrial robot is :
Degree of Freedom
To begin with, let’s define the degree of freedom :
The degree of freedom in flexibility of humanoid robotics is given by the number of independent movements that a humanoid robot can make.
Hence the difference between the agility of some humanoid robots compared to the more limited capabilities of others in performing certain tasks.
The methods of measuring the degree of freedom have evolved along with the development of robotics.
For more complicated mechanisms such as those of humanoid robots, the Grübler Kutzbach calculation method is used.
In this concept, DOF is understood as the unique mode of translation or rotation movement. However, if two joints move together or depend on each other, they are not considered two DOFs.
By design, humanoid robots sum their DOF from their hands, legs, torso, and neck joints. Redundancy :
A humanoid robot is considered redundant when it has more degrees of freedom than are needed to perform a task.
Redundancy is beneficial in humanoid robotics especially when tasks are complex and unpredictable. For example, when for various reasons an unforeseen obstacle appears in the way of the work target, making the route inoperable during the task, the robot can choose another path to bypass the obstacle in order to complete it. This versatility is essential in the continuity of the flow even when external factors intervene, which disrupt stability.
It should also be noted that simply adding DOF does not automatically mean increased precision. This is where the complexity of collaboration comes in, which requires a calibration of more joints and more advanced algorithms to maintain constant precision. Conclusion :
More DOF means more flexibility but also higher costs. The challenge is to find the balance between the capabilities of the humanoid robot and the requirements of the workplace. The number of DOF directly influences how a humanoid robot adapts to the complexity of its workplace movements.
The selection process is a very important stage considering that a good fit leads to performance.
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